HistoryĬhumash territory has been inhabited for at least 9,000 years. Millions in casino profits have gone to better the surrounding community. The tribe has also made great strides economically as well and, in doing so, they continue to practice ‘amuyich, the spirit of generosity, which is an important part of their traditional way of life. They have done so quietly, hoping to retain their privacy and protect sacred artifacts from vandals and land developers.
Chumash descendants, however, have succeeded in keeping their culture alive. After suffering at the hands of Spanish Catholic missionaries and Mexican and American settlers, the tribe was thought to have become extinct. They fished in the ocean and visited and traded with tribes in faraway places. Little is known about the sixth group, the Interior Chumash.įor thousands of years the Chumash sailed up and down the California coast in brightly painted cedar-plank boats that in modern times are considered marvels of engineering. The largest group was called the Ynezeño. There were at least six groups of Chumash five were given the names of the Catholic missions founded in their territory beginning in the 1700s. Chumash creation stories, however, tell of a more local origin.
The ancestors of the Chumash people are believed by scientists to have migrated across the ancient Bering Land Bridge connecting Siberia (Russia) to Alaska between twelve thousand and twenty-seven thousand years ago.
The Santa Ynez Reservation was home to 122 people in 2000 tribal sources indicated that there were 283 people living there in 2004. The 2000 census showed 3,758 Chumash lived in the United States, while 7,056 people claimed some Chumash heritage. Census, 3,114 people identified themselves as Chumash and 94 said they were Santa Ynez Chumash. In 1972 there were 1,925 persons of Chumash descent. In 1770 between ten thousand and twenty-two thousand Chumash people were known to exist. Many Chumash in the early twenty-first century live in Santa Barbara, Ventura, and other southern California cities. It is only about 75 acres with a small, but growing, population. In the late 1990s the Chumash owned only Santa Ynez Reservation in Santa Ynez, California, located about 32 miles (52 kilometers) north of Santa Barbara and 10 miles (16 kilometers) from the Pacific Ocean. Their total territory at the time of European contact comprised about 7,000 square miles (18,130 square kilometers), ranging from San Luis Obispo to Malibu Canyon in the Santa Monica Mountains outside Los Angeles.
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The Chumash used to occupy lands stretching along 200 miles (322 kilometers) of southern California coastline, plus four of the Santa Barbara Channel Islands: Anacapa, San Miguel, Santa Rosa, and Santa Cruz. The Chumash are sometimes called the Santa Barbara Indians. The people called themselves “the first people,” although many tribal elders today say that Chumash means “bead maker” or “seashell people.” The Spanish used the name “Chumash” to refer to every group of Native Americans living on these islands and along the southern coast of California. The name Chumash (pronounced CHOO-mash) may have come from the word the tribe used to refer to the inhabitants of one of the Santa Barbara Channel Islands.
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